Pakukanikiza kotentha, magwiridwe anthawi zonse a kuthamanga ndi kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, kukakamizidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa kwachitika chifukwa chopanikizika kutentha pang'ono kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida. Kutentha kotentha ndikotsika madigiri mazana angapo kuposa kutentha kwanthawi zonse. Ndipo kufalikira kwathunthu kumachitika mwachangu. Kuthamanga kwake komanso kutentha kotsika komwe kumafunikira kumachepetsa kukula kwa tirigu.
Njira yofananira, yotulutsa magazi sintering (SPS), imapereka njira ina yothetsera kunja ndi njira zosinthira kutentha. Mu SPS, chitsanzo, chomwe chimakhala ufa kapena gawo lobiriwira, chimadzazidwa mu graphite kufa ndi nkhonya za graphite mchipinda chotsukira ndipo DC yomwe ikulowetsedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazikhomo, monga zikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 5.35b, pomwe kukakamizidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwa Joule, komwe kumakweza kutentha kwa mtunduwo mwachangu. Pakadali pano akukhulupiliranso kuti zimayambitsa kupangika kwa madzi am'magazi kapena kutulutsa timadzi tokhatira pakati pamagawo, omwe amathandizira kuyeretsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikupangitsa sintering. Kupangika kwa plasma kumakhala kovuta kutsimikizira poyesa ndipo kuli mutu wotsutsana. Njira ya SPS yawonetsedwa kuti ndiyothandiza kwambiri pakukhwimitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zitsulo ndi ziwiya zadothi. Kuchepetsa kumachitika kutentha pang'ono ndipo kumatsirizidwa mwachangu kwambiri kuposa njira zina, nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti michere yaying'ono yambewu.
Kutentha Kwa Isostatic (HIP). Hot isostatic kukanikiza ndikugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic kuti mugwirizane ndikuwonjezera ufa wophatikizika kapena gawo. Njirayi ikufanana ndi kuziziritsa kozizira kozizira, koma ndikutentha kokwanira ndi mpweya womwe umatumiza kukakamizidwa kwa gawolo. Mpweya wambiri monga argon ndi wamba. Ufa umakulungidwa mchidebe kapena chidebe, chomwe chimakhala chotchinga pakati pa gasi wopanikizika ndi gawolo. Kapenanso, gawo lomwe lidapangidwa kuti likhale lotseka pore litha kukhala HIPed mu njira "yopanda chidebe". HIP imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa densification yathunthu mu ufa wamafuta. ndi kukonza ceramic, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ena pakulimbitsa kwa castings. Njirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri kuti kulimbitsa zinthu, monga ma alloys, ma superalloys, ndi ziwiya zoumba nonoxide.
Chidebe ndi ukadaulo wa encapsulation ndizofunikira pamachitidwe a HIP. Zida zosavuta, monga zitini zazitsulo zazitsulo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchulukitsa billets ya aloyi ufa. Maonekedwe ovuta amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zotengera zomwe zimawonetsa gawo lomaliza la ma geometri. Chidebecho chimasankhidwa kuti chikhale chotupa komanso chopindika povutikira komanso kutentha kwa njira ya HIP. Zipangizo zamakina ziyeneranso kukhala zosagwira ntchito ndi ufa komanso zosavuta kuchotsa. Pazitsulo zazitsulo, zotengera zopangidwa ndi ma chitsulo ndizofala. Zosankha zina zimaphatikizapo magalasi ndi ziwiya zadothi zopaka zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi chitsulo chachiwiri. Galasi encapsulation ya ufa ndi preformed mbali ndizofala munjira za ceramic HIP. Kudzaza ndikusamutsa chidebe ndichinthu chofunikira chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafunikira makina apadera pachidebecho. Njira zina zopulumutsira anthu zimachitika pamalo okwera kwambiri.
Zida zazikuluzikulu zadongosolo la HIP ndizomwe zimapanikizika ndi zotenthetsera, kupondereza gasi ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito, ndikuwongolera zamagetsi. Chithunzi 5.36 chikuwonetsa chitsanzo chojambula cha HIP. Pali njira ziwiri zoyendetsera HIP. Mumayendedwe otentha, chidebecho chimakonzedweratu kunja kwa chotengera kenako ndikunyamula, kutenthetsa kutentha kofunikira ndikukakamizidwa. Mumakina ozizira ozizira, chidebecho chimayikidwa m'chiwiya chotengera kuthamanga kutentha; ndiye kuti kutentha ndi kukakamiza kumayamba. Kupanikizika kwapakati pa 20-300 MPa ndi kutentha kwama 500-2000 ° C ndizofala.
Post nthawi: Nov-17-2020